Zinc in Wheat Cultivation: Physiological Roles, Agronomic Impact, and Management Strategies—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in wheat cultivation, playing a pivotal role in plant growth, yield optimization, and grain nutritional quality. Despite its significance, zinc deficiency remains widespread in cereal-growing regions, leading to reduced crop productivity and contributing to micronutrient malnutrition in human populations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of zinc’s physiological functions, uptake mechanisms, and interactions with other nutrients in wheat systems. It examines zinc’s influence on key agronomic traits such as grain yield, biomass accumulation, and stress resilience. Furthermore, the review explores various zinc management approaches, including the development of zinc-efficient wheat genotypes, biofortification strategies, and both basal and foliar fertilization techniques. Regional challenges and context-specific solutions for mitigating zinc deficiency are also discussed. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrated nutrient management and innovative agronomic practices to enhance zinc availability, improve wheat productivity, and contribute to global efforts in combating micronutrient malnutrition.