In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium cumini L. and Moringa oleifera Against Waterborne Bacteria for Safe Water Use

Abstract

Background: Waterborne pathogens pose a substantial global threat to public health, particularly in regions with limited access to safe drinking water. Plant-based antimicrobials offer a promising alternative to conventional chemical disinfectants, which may pose safety concerns. Objective: This scientific study investigates the in-vitro antibacterial efficacy of hydroalcoholic extracts from Syzygium cumini L. and Moringa oleifera plant leaves against key waterborne pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae. Methods: Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method to measure zones of inhibition, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Results: Both plant extracts of S. cumini and M. oleifera demonstrated notable antibacterial activity. S. cumini exhibited superior inhibition zones (24.1 ± 0.6 mm against V. cholerae) and lower MIC values (0.35 mg/mL), indicating stronger potency compared to M. oleifera. The positive control (Ampicillin) presented the uppermost inhibition across all strains, but the plant extracts offered promising natural alternatives. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extracts of S. cumini and M. oleifera possess significant antibacterial potential against waterborne pathogens. Their application could enhance natural water safety, especially in resource-limited conditions. Further studies are warranted to explore formulation and field-level efficacy.